MOLDAVIA & WALLACHIA . Romania - Russia: PARA - 3 DENGI 1771

Description: MOLDAVIA & WALLACHIA . Romania - Russia: PARA - 3 DENGI 1771 - copper museum copyThese two principalities have constituted the base of modernRomania. Wallachia and Moldova were established early in the14th century. Following some wars against Hungarian kings, bothprincipalities became independent.For many years these principalities successfully defendedthemselves against attacks by foreign powers, especially theTurks. The local rulers trying to protect the country?s independencehad to choose between a policy of resistance and one ofconciliation. In the 15th century, Wallachia and the early 16th century,Moldova signed a series of settlements with the OttomanEmpire. These bilateral treaties stipulated the unaltered maintenanceof native institutions, the authority of princes in the country,respect for the Orthodox Christian faith and the interdictionof any Islamic manifestations, limitation on the presence of Turkmerchants in the territory; in exchange, they paid the annual tributeand provided military assistance to the Sultan when needed.The 16th century brought new hardship to East CentralEurope, especially after the Ottoman Empire reached the peakof its power under the Sultan Suleiman I the Magnificent (1520-1566). Thus, Belgrade (1521) fell to the Turks and with the defeatof Mohacs battle in 1526, Hungary came under Ottoman rule in1526. Under these circumstances, Turkish control over Wallachiaand Moldova became increasingly burdensome. From aneconomic standpoint, apart from the tribute, the princes paid themany gifts and bribes necessary to obtain and keep the throne,extraordinary services and the obligation of exporting certaingoods only to the Empire. The local mints have been closed. Independentaction in foreign affairs was severely restricted.One of the most remarkable exceptions was the Prince ConstantinBrancoveanu (1688-1714), who tried to maintain theautonomy of Wallachia. His relations with the Ottoman Empireworsened during the Russo-Turkish war (1711), when the princetook a neutral stance in the conflict. More, as defiance, he ordereda distinct coinage under his arms. These special coins, in goldand silver, were issued in Transylvania at Alba Iulia by the mintmasterCarl Josef Hoffman in 1713. Consequently, Brancoveanu?sfamily was taken to Istanbul in April 1714, where the princewas tortured and executed together with his four sons.Under these circumstances, the Turks imposed the socalledPhanariot regime in Moldova and Wallachia. These Phanariotrulers were usually Orthodox members of the noble Greekfamilies from Istanbul. Thus, the autonomous status of the principalitieswas formally preserved, but considerable limitationswere imposed upon them.Because of the decline of Turkish power, Russian influencebecame preeminent in this area, which became a battle field.Wallachia was occupied by the Russian troops between 1769-74and 1788-91. On its behalf, Moldova fell under Tsarist occupationin 1739, 1769-74 and 1788-91, in this period together with theHapsburgs.During the Russo-Turkish war (1768-74) a special coinagewas made for the area, also known as Sadagura coins, the firstcommune coins for both principalities. The Russian administrator,the Marshall Rumeanatsev has accepted as an adventurer,the Baron Gartenberg, set up a mint at Sadagura near thecity of Cernauti (region of Bukovina, in the north of Moldova). Forthese coins and patterns, the bronze from captured Turkish cannonswas used.The treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji (1774), which ended theRusso-Turkish war, Moldova lost its northern region, Bukovina,to Austria in 1775, after a Russo-Austro-Turkish agreement.In 1792, Russia annexed Transnistria, a territory extendedeast of the Nistru River under Ottoman suzerainty, but gave itsadministration to the Moldavian rulers.

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Location: Rishon Le Zion

End Time: 2024-09-23T17:36:47.000Z

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