1833 Pugin print PARIS: MONUMENT OF GENERAL FOY, PERE LACHAISE CEMETERY (#50)

Description: Pugin_050 1833 Pugin print PARIS: MONUMENT OF GENERAL FOY, PERE LACHAISE CEMETERY (#50) Nice view titled Monument du general Foy. Pere La Chaise, from steel engraving with fine detail and clear impression, nice hand coloring, approx. page size 20 x 13 cm, approx. image size is 13 x 9 cm. From: Paris et ses environs / Paris und seine Umgebungen nach Original-Zeichungen von A. Pugin, publisher A.Asher, Berlin & St. Petersburg. Pere Lachaise Cemetery Pere Lachaise Cemetery (French: Cimetiere du Pere-Lachaise; officially, cimetiere de l'Est, "East Cemetery") is the largest cemetery in the city of Paris, France at (48 ha, 118.6 acres), though there are larger cemeteries in the city's suburbs. Pere Lachaise is one of the most famous cemeteries in the world. Located in the 20th arrondissement, it is reputed to be the world's most-visited cemetery, attracting hundreds of thousands of visitors annually to the graves of those who have enhanced French life over the past 200 years. It is also the site of three World War I memorials. Pere Lachaise is located on Boulevard de Ménilmontant. Métro station Philippe Auguste on line 2 is next to the main entrance, while the station called Pere Lachaise, on line 3, is 500 metres away near a side entrance. Many tourists prefer the Gambetta station on line 3 as it allows them to enter near the tomb of Oscar Wilde and then walk downhill to visit the rest of the cemetery. Origins The cemetery takes its name from Pere François de la Chaise (1624-1709), confessor to Louis XIV, who lived in the Jesuit house rebuilt in 1682 on the site of the chapel. The property, situated on the hillside from which the king, during the Fronde, watched skirmishing between the Condé and Turenne, was bought by the city in 1804, laid out by Alexandre-Théodore Brongniart, and later extended. The cemetery was established by Napoleon I in 1804. Cemeteries had been banned inside Paris in 1786, after the closure of the Cimetiere des Innocents on the fringe of Les Halles food market, on the grounds that it presented a health hazard. (This same health hazard also led to the creation of the famous Parisian catacombs in the south of the city.) Several new cemeteries replaced the Parisian ones, outside the precincts of the capital: Montmartre Cemetery in the north, Pere Lachaise in the east, and Montparnasse Cemetery in the south. At the heart of the city, in the shadow of the Eiffel Tower, is Passy Cemetery. At the time of its opening, the cemetery was considered to be situated too far from the city and attracted few funerals. Consequently, the administrators devised a marketing strategy and with great fanfare organised the transfer of the remains of La Fontaine and Moliere, in 1804. Then, in another great spectacle in 1817, the purported remains of Pierre Abélard and Héloise were also transferred to the cemetery with their monument's canopy made from fragments of the abbey of Nogent-sur-Seine (by tradition, lovers or lovelorn singles leave letters at the crypt in tribute to the couple or in hope of finding true love). This strategy achieved its desired effect when people began clamouring to be buried among the famous citizens. Records show that, within a few years, Pere Lachaise went from containing a few dozen permanent residents to more than 33,000. Today there are over 300,000 bodies buried there, and many more in the columbarium, which holds the remains of those who had requested cremation. The Communards' Wall (Mur des Fédérés) is also located in the cemetery. This is the site where 147 Communards, the last defenders of the workers' district of Belleville, were shot on 28 May 1871 — the last day of the "Bloody Week" (Semaine Sanglante) in which the Paris Commune was crushed. After that week, the cemetery gained a special importance to the political left in France, manifested in annual processions sometimes drawing tens or even hundreds of thousands of participants (some 600,000 in 1936) and led by the main leaders of the left parties and organizations. Various prominent left-wing leaders are buried in the vicinity, where a monument was also erected honouring the French Brigadists (volunteers in the International Brigades in the Spanish Civil War). Adolphe Thiers, widely blamed for the massacres of "Bloody Week," is an ironic resident of the cemetery. His tomb has occasionally been subject to vandalism. Foy, Maximilien(-Sébastien) born Feb. 3, 1775, Ham, Fr. , died Nov. 28, 1825, Paris French military leader, writer, and statesman who rose through the ranks of the imperial army during the Napoleonic Wars (1800–15) and then emerged as a leading spokesman of the liberal opposition during the early years after the Bourbon Restoration (1815). Foy served in the artillery and the infantry, attaining the rank of major in 1796, staff colonel in 1799, and brigadier general in 1808. He voted against the Consulate and against the Empire, but his exceptional military abilities kept him in the service of Napoleon's armies. He distinguished himself in the Rhineland and the Middle East and especially in less successful campaigns in Portugal and Spain. After Napoleon's final defeat at Waterloo (1815), Foy retired from military life and published what was to remain an incomplete Histoire des guerres de la Péninsule (1819; History of the Peninsular War, Under Napoleon). In 1819 he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies from the Aisne département, where he led the liberal opposition until his death. Foy's liberalism, flair for oratory, and military reputation gained him a large popular following, and his funeral was the occasion of a demonstration against the Bourbons in which more than 100,000 persons participated. In 1826 a two-volume edition of his speeches, Discours du général Foy, was published.

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Location: Zagreb, HR

End Time: 2024-11-12T19:19:44.000Z

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