1833 Pugin print PARIS: DEDICATION OF TOMB OF FALLEN IN REVOLUTION OF 1830, #91

Description: Pugin_091 1833 Pugin print PARIS: DEDICATION OF TOMB OF FALLEN IN REVOLUTION OF 1830, #91 Nice view titled Tombeau consacre a la memoire de ceux qui perirent juillet 1830, from steel engraving with fine detail and clear impression, approx page size 20.5 x 13.5 cm, approx. image size is 12.5 x 9 cm. From: Paris et ses environs / Paris und seine Umgebungen nach Original-Zeichungen von A. Pugin, publisher A.Asher, Berlin & St. Petersburg. Associated text: TOMB TO THE MEMORY OF THOSE WHO FELL IN THE REVOLUTION, JULY 30, NEAR THE FONTAINE DES INNOCENS. Mercy to the vanquished, and succour to the wounded, were both certainly more evident than respect to the dead, speaking generally, during the late Revolution. Many hundred bodies were interred in the streets and markets, and not a few sunk in sacks in the Seine, without being at all recognised. Necessity, however, rather than any unkind feeling, dictated much of this: for; in particular spots, where the people fell, they were interred with military honors, and their graves profusely adorned with laurels, flowers, and funeral elegies. The eastern part of the Louvre was, as we have seen already, one of these spots; the Marche des Innocents another. Our plate exhibits the national flags suspended over the latter, as well as on the top of the Fountain, one of the characteristic ornaments of Paris. We have already described this fountain and given a sketch of its history. July Revolution French Révolution de Juillet, also called July Days (1830), insurrection that brought Louis-Philippe to the throne of France. The revolution was precipitated by Charles X's publication (July 26) of restrictive ordinances contrary to the spirit of the Charter of 1814. Protests and demonstrations were followed by three days of fighting (July 27–29), the abdication of Charles X (August 2), and the proclamation of Louis-Philippe as “king of the French” (August 9). In the July Revolution the upper middle class, or bourgeoisie, secured a political and social ascendancy that was to characterize the period known as the July Monarchy (1830–48). Revolutions of 1830 rebellions against conservative kings and governments by liberals and revolutionaries in different parts of Europe in 1830–32. The movement started in France, prompted by Charles X's publication on July 26 of four ordinances dissolving the Chamber of Deputies, suspending freedom of the press, modifying the electoral laws so that three-fourths of the electorate lost their votes, and calling for new elections to the Chamber in September. Strikes and protests were followed by armed confrontations. The royal forces were unable to contain the insurrection; and, after three days of fighting (July 27–29), Charles abdicated the throne and soon afterward fled to England. The radicals wanted to establish a republic, and the aristocracy were loyal to Charles, but the upper-middle class were victorious in their decision to offer the crown to the Duke of Orléans, Louis-Philippe, who had fought for the French Republic in 1792. Louis-Philippe agreed to be “King of the French.” When the “July Revolution” was over, the Chamber of Peers had been transformed from a hereditary body into a nominated house, special tribunals were abolished, the alliance of the monarchy and the Roman Catholic church was ended, and the white flag of the Bourbons was replaced by the tricolour. (See also July Revolution.) Liberals throughout Europe were encouraged to hope for a general social revolution, but most were disappointed. Louis-Philippe did not want a war and, contrary to expectations, did not support the Poles, who had revolted against the Russian tsar. Their revolt was ruthlessly suppressed, and Poland was incorporated into the Russian Empire. Revolts in Italy and the German kingdoms were equally unsuccessful. Belgium declared its independence from the Netherlands, and it was recognized in 1831 as a separate nation. For several years the Greeks had been fighting for their independence from the Ottoman Empire, and in 1832 the European powers recognized Greece as an independent sovereign state.

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Location: Zagreb, Croatia

End Time: 2024-11-12T19:19:44.000Z

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